John F. Dulles, the US Secretary of State under D. D. Eisenhover (1953-59) and architect of SEATO and CENTO, had once said that there were several de facto regimes in the world that they did not recognize. “We act, in this respect, as our national interests dictate.” Noam Chomsky, a leading US ideologue, whom a large number of leading universities have honored with honorary doctoral degrees, argues that there are a number of elected governments which America does not tolerate and, thus, it remains busy in their removal with the replacement of dictators/military generals, no matter how contrary they are to the democratic ideas that America’s founding fathers struggled to promotion of a just republican and democratic order.
The removal of Salvador Allende, the first ever democratically elected Marxist President of Chile, and his replacement by Augusto Pinocent, as a result of CIA machinations, supports the fact that America is least tolerant of popular democracies once its interests are at stake in the country or region.
Chile, having achieved its independence in 1818, was a democratic country with high level of literacy and political conscious of the citizens which could be justified as a participant citizenry. It was economically the most stable country in South America. The political system was based on the longer serving 1925 Constitution (abolished by Gen. Pinochet in 1980), which provided a fair and workable electoral mechanism. In the 1970 Salvador Allende, a leading candidate of Socialist Party, who was supported by Popular Unity coalition platform in alliance with dissident Christian Democrats group, narrowly won the presidential election. The manifesto of the Popular Unity included the nationalization of remaining private industries and banks, massive land expropriation, and collectivization, including the nationalization of US interests in Chile's major copper mines having been exploited at the lowest rates by American companies.
Allende with a leftist political vision believed in the promotion of democracy in drift with Soviet socialist order and had served on both chambers of the Charlene legislature: National Congress. Soon after he founded Socialist Party in 1933, he had been advocating a common man economy away from foreign dominance largely influenced by American companies. He was vocal on Congress floor against the growing activities of CIA in Chile from 1953 onwards. During the 1964 elections in which Allende’s party won seats, he publicly condemned CIA financing role in the elections against their rival Christian Democrats candidates. The facts were verified by US Senate and Church Committee in 1975 on CIA covert role in Chile which included huge funds for anti-communism and anti-Allende propaganda.
In 1970 elections, CIA spent about $1 million on Socialist Party renegade who successfully split Allende’s votes. The CIA allegedly used International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT), the leading American multinational corporation in Chile, to work as an intermediary for passing money to the Christian Democratic Party. The facts revealed by the Senate Committee in 1975 proved two major objectives (1) undermining (Allende); and, (2) strengthening opposition forces which in ultimately were. The White House under Nixon supported the removal of Allende and regarded him as a threat, and feared Chile would tip to the Communists. Henry Kissinger, the then National Security Adviser, believed it was an American responsibility, the policy Gerald Fold accelerated after he replaced Nixon.
The Allende government (November 1970 to September 1973) came to an end in a bloody military coup led by Commander in Chief General Pinochet and his generals, who later on enjoyed a privileged status after army usurped power. Pinochet ruled the country until 1990 as President, using pseudo democratic tactics. He assumed the post of army chief until 1998. Like military dictators who secured constitutional means to legitimize their rule, he gave Chile in 1980 a constitution which largely strengthened his rule. Allende was killed in the coup with his party men bearing the wrath of Pinochet’s dictatorial tactics for decades to come. A die had been cast for democracy in Chile at the hands of US.
Chile’s case is one of the leading precedents of US interference in democratic continuity in developing or less developed countries to serve its interests by supporting dictators, who, in longer run, promote volatile and pseudo political culture as Chile experienced under Pinochet. Under Pinochet, Chile achieved economic prosperity, but without democratic and political stability. Allende was first Marxist elected president who believed in the continuity of democratic process which America could not tolerate. It gave Chile, like so many countries, dictator against democracy which negates the democratic principles. Chile case bears striking similarity to that of Pakistan, where democracy is at odds with dictatorship. A die has been cast for us at the hands of United States of America.